Efficient Frontier
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      William J. Bernstein

      What's Cheap

      It would be nice to have Morgan Stanley's database of country specific index data to determine the valuations of individual national markets. Since my net worth is considerably shy of the billion or so dollars requisite for getting my phone calls answered, this data is not easily avaialble. A good proxy would be the valuation data for the WEBS index funds, but they're not available either.

      An even less desirable method involves looking at the valuation data, available from Morningstar, of the single country and regional closed end funds. It's not perfect, but it's all we have. Where 3 or 4 funds are avaialble for a country -- say Germany or Korea, a pretty good idea of the P/E, P/B, and P/C of a country can be obtained. Warning: because of space limitations, I've not listed the fund premiums/discounts. This is a critical piece of data for each of the funds. For exapmle, the Indonesian and Thai funds are fairly cheap by some criteria, but the funds themselves are selling at very large premia. Check Barrons or the WSJ for these. One more caveat. None of these countries can even spell GAAP, so comparing parameters between countries needs to be done carefully.

      That said, I've tabulated the 30 cheapest funds as of 12/31/97 by P/B, P/C, and P/E, in the below three tables. Happy hunting. If anybody knows how I can obtain the MSCI data, let me know.


      Funds Arranged by P/B Ratio
      StdPrice/
      DevP/ECashP/BMed MktTurnoverExpIncome
      Fund Name3 YrRatioFlowRatioCap $MMRatioRatioRatio
      Korea Equity20.6123.80.5153531.89-0.73
      Korean Investment20.679.13.50.5481322.11-0.73
      Fidelity Advisor Korea22.0813.14.10.7402511.88-0.64
      Brazilian Equity29.57-5.50.8528691.86-0.62
      Korea Fund22.6615.53.10.9506131.630.46
      Templeton Vietnam Opports17.789.412.80.962141.472.62
      Brazil Fund30.39108.3141591.62.22
      Templeton China World24.6610.912.81.12049141.652.14
      Templeton Dragon23.5910.413.41.2652791.51.93
      Thai Fund19.817.19.41.21160241.431.42
      Japan Equity16.627.99.11.32058340.9-0.04
      Latin America Growth15.2124.117.21.7333222.20.04
      Asia Pacific20.961315.91.86457431.570.43
      Thai Capital18.7516.912.31.8696332.220.15
      Austria Fund13.7919.19.821468191.710.07
      Czech Republic Fund17.0125.5112268422.09-0.51
      Jardine Fleming China Region25.2415.716.221067442.180.26
      Argentina Fund26.7918.911.12.16027191.92.11
      First Australia16.0321.38.52.136221331.411.86
      Herzfeld Caribbean Basin10.5424.219.22.1872263.32-0.62
      Morgan Stan Asia-Pacific18.0522.513.92.14880281.390.16
      Greater China31.7618.121.22.22201372.070.65
      Singapore Fund18.8513.714.32.31478631.85-0.48
      China Fund25.9715.520.82.41340412.560.49
      First Philippine19.9315.916.32.42156151.75-1.1
      Latin America Equity21.822011.82.53891431.691.16
      Malaysia Fund25.919.420.52.5575501.29-0.18
      Jakarta Growth29.6813.914.22.62314441.940.7
      Schroder Asian Growth18.1617.418.92.62899351.57-0.19
      Growth Fund of Spain19.7323.97.92.77358451.252.46



      Funds Arranged by P/C Ratio

      StdPrice/
      DevP/ECashP/BMed MktTurnoverExpIncome
      Fund Name3 YrRatioFlowRatioCap $MMRatioRatioRatio
      Korea Fund22.6615.53.10.9506131.630.46
      Korean Investment20.679.13.50.5481322.11-0.73
      Korea Equity20.6123.80.5153531.89-0.73
      Fidelity Advisor Korea22.0813.14.10.7402511.88-0.64
      Portugal Fund15.3625.34.62.92124361.620.75
      Brazilian Equity29.57-5.50.8528691.86-0.62
      Germany Fund18.7833.363.820622551.260.56
      Turkish Investment58.4836.66.811.41725602.073.23
      Pakistan Investment27.7715.87.74.9536152.2-0.36
      Scudder Spain and Portugal19.8821.27.72.71826661.920.83
      Growth Fund of Spain19.7323.97.92.77358451.252.46
      Emerging Germany15.8724.78.23.220622401.510.76
      Brazil Fund30.39108.3141591.62.22
      Central European Equity18.7725.78.43.620622---
      First Australia16.0321.38.52.136221331.411.86
      Italy Fund23.1824.68.63.22450581.421.12
      United Kingdom Fund9.5117.88.63.64608211.553.45
      New Germany12.7127.193.927431091.010.58
      Chile Fund18.38169.14.8220751.481.79
      Japan Equity16.627.99.11.32058340.9-0.04
      Thai Fund19.817.19.41.21160241.431.42
      Spain Fund19.8426.29.73.711623441.730.93
      Austria Fund13.7919.19.821468191.710.07
      France Growth17.7827.1103.213491831.540.84
      Swiss Helvetia18.552910.83.928329191.220.25
      Czech Republic Fund17.0125.5112268422.09-0.51
      Argentina Fund26.7918.911.12.16027191.92.11
      Mexico Fund46.0421.811.23.136721012.93
      Latin America Equity21.822011.82.53891431.691.16
      Morgan Stan India Invest22.611912.14.8922282.1-0.85



      Funds Arranged by P/E Ratio

      StdPrice/
      DevP/ECashP/BMed MktTurnoverExpIncome
      Fund Name3 YrRatioFlowRatioCap $MMRatioRatioRatio
      Thai Fund19.817.19.41.21160241.431.42
      Korean Investment20.679.13.50.5481322.11-0.73
      Malaysia Fund25.919.420.52.5575501.29-0.18
      Templeton Vietnam Opports17.789.412.80.962141.472.62
      Brazil Fund30.39108.3141591.62.22
      Templeton Dragon23.5910.413.41.2652791.51.93
      Templeton China World24.6610.912.81.12049141.652.14
      Korea Equity20.6123.80.5153531.89-0.73
      Indonesia Fund31.6712.215.22.7412351.910.1
      Asia Pacific20.961315.91.86457431.570.43
      Fidelity Advisor Korea22.0813.14.10.7402511.88-0.64
      Singapore Fund18.8513.714.32.31478631.85-0.48
      Jakarta Growth29.6813.914.22.62314441.940.7
      Fidelity Advisor Emerg Asia20.515.417.12.95582691.790.08
      China Fund25.9715.520.82.41340412.560.49
      Korea Fund22.6615.53.10.9506131.630.46
      Jardine Fleming China Region25.2415.716.221067442.180.26
      Pakistan Investment27.7715.87.74.9536152.2-0.36
      First Philippine19.9315.916.32.42156151.75-1.1
      Chile Fund18.38169.14.8220751.481.79
      Latin American Discovery37.5716.516.1357131861.811.24
      Thai Capital18.7516.912.31.8696332.220.15
      Schroder Asian Growth18.1617.418.92.62899351.57-0.19
      United Kingdom Fund9.5117.88.63.64608211.553.45
      Greater China31.7618.121.22.22201372.070.65
      Argentina Fund26.7918.911.12.16027191.92.11
      Morgan Stan India Invest22.611912.14.8922282.1-0.85
      Austria Fund13.7919.19.821468191.710.07
      Emerging Mexico41.0819.1132.82876711.640.6
      Latin America Equity21.822011.82.53891431.691.16



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      copyright (c) 1998, William J. Bernstein